CLS stands for:

Congenital Laryngeal Stridor

Epidemic dropsy is a condition caused by consumption of mustard oil contaminated with argemone oil

How mustard oil gets contaminated:

Contamination may be accidental or deliberate
Argemone mexicana (Mexican prickly poppy) has seeds which resemble mustard seeds
They grow among the mustard crops as weed plants
They mature and produce seeds about the same time as mustard
During harvesting, the argemone seeds may get mixed with the mustard seeds
Also, unscrupulous dealers may mix argemone oil with mustard oil

Pathology:

Argemone oil contains a chemical – sanguinarine
Sanguinarine interferes with oxidation of pyruvic acid, resulting in its accumulation in blood

Clinical features:

Bilateral non …

There are various clinical signs in allergic rhinitis. They are:

Nasal signs

Transverse nasal crease (allergic crease)

A black transverse line across the middle of nose
Occurs due to constant rubbing of the nose in the upward direction resembling a salute – allergic salute

Swollen turbinates
Pale, oedematous, bluish nasal mucosa
Thin watery discharge

Ocular signs

Lid oedema
Cobblestone appearance and congestion of conjunctiva
Dark circles under eyes – allergic shiners

Otologic signs

Retraction of tympanic membrane and serous otitis media due to eustachian tube dysfunction

Pharyngeal signs

Granular pharyngitis due to hyperplasia of submucosal lymphoid tissue

Laryngeal signs

Hoarseness of voice
Oedema of vocal cords

Food additives are non nutrient substances that are added to food to attain special qualities in terms of colour, texture, flavour or shelf life
One of the earliest known example is that of pickling – addition of salt and spices to preserve foods for long periods of time
There are 2 main categories of food additives:

Category 1

Colouring agents – turmeric, saffron
Flavouring agents – vanilla
Sweetening agents – sucralose, saccharin and other artificial sweeteners
Preservatives – sorbic acid, sodium benzoate
Acidity imparting agents – acetic acid, citric acid

Category 2

They essential include contaminants which find its way …

Telecanthus literally means that the corners of the eyes (canthi) are far away (tele) from each other
It is a condition in which the intercanthal distance is greater than the width of the eye

Normal range of intercanthal distance is 30-35mm

In this, the interpupillary distance remains normal
Telecanthus should be differentiated from hypertelorism (here the interpupillary distance is increased)