• Demographic gap is the difference between birth rate and death rate that develops when a country undergoes demographic transition
• In a demographic cycle, as the country develops and the living conditions improve, there is first a decrease in the death rate in the population
• But the birth rate continues to remain at a high level
• This results in a demographic gap and a resultant increase in the total size of population
• The demographic gap is maintained till the birth rate and death rates become equal and the population size becomes stable

1. Demographic cycle
2. Population growth rates
3. Family size – demography

Swine Influenza A manifests with fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills, fatigue and sometimes with diarrhea and vomiting. The possibility of Swine Influenza A should be considered in any person who has had contact with cases or travelled to an area with confirmed cases during the preceding 7 days.

Treatment of Swine Influenza A is mainly supportive with rest, fluids, cough suppressants, antipyretics and analgesics. Swine Influenza A (H1N1) virus is susceptible to antivrial agents oseltamivir and zanamivir. Antiviral therapy has to be initiated within 48 hours of onset of symptoms to be effective. Recommended duration of treatment with antiviral agents is for 5 days. Some benefits may be there even if antiviral treatment is started after 48 hours.

The usual influenza vaccine is not effective against Swine Influenza A. Antiviral prophylaxis, both pre exposure and post exposure have been recommended in those at high risk of acquiring the infection.

1. Swine influenza: WHO pandemic alert phase 5
2. Human papilloma virus vaccination
3. Influenza virus was isolated by