Sunderland Classification of Nerve Injury has 5 degrees:

Axoplasmic flow obstruction (neurapraxia)
Axon destroyed (axonotmesis)
Endoneurium destroyed (neurotmesis))
Perineurium destroyed
Epineurium destroyed (complete transection with loss of continuity)

ICS stands for:

Inhaled Corticosteroids

CSF stands for:

Cerebrospinal fluid

OAVS stands for:

Oculo Auriculo Vertebral Spectrum (a type of craniofacial anomaly)

Hypothyroidism and dyslipidmeia
In hypothyroidsim there is a decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity which leads to hypertriglyceridemia. Similarly, a decrease in hepatic low density lipoproteins (LDL) receptors cause elevated LDL levels.
CPK elevation in hypothyroidism
Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels can be elevated in hypothyroidism. Often there is assocated generalised aches and pains, localised rhabdomyolysis, proximal myopathy and Hoffman syndrome – a pseudo muscle hypertrophy with weakness, usually affecting the calf. Statins can aggravate the rhabdomyolysis in hypothyroidism leading to generalised rhabdomyolysis which may lead on to renal failure.
Large pituitary in hypothyroidism
Large pituitary or …

The complications of mumps are:

Orchitis

Most common extra salivary manifestation
Unilateral in 75% cases
Characterised by testicular swelling and tenderness

Pancreatitis

characterised by upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
Leading cause of pancreatitis in children

Ovaritis

Characterised by lower abdominal pain and enlarged ovaries

Myocarditis
Thyroiditis
Hepatitis
polyarthritis
Neurologic complications

meningitis
encephalitis
nerve deafness – one of the main infectious causes of sensorineural deafness
facial pasly
cerebellar ataxia
transverse myelitis

Mumps infection in pregnancy can cause spontaneous abortion. Mumps causing congenital anomalies have not been described.

Congenital rubella is a condition in which the symptoms of rubella infection are present at or soon after birth
The presence of IgM antibodies against rubella (as IgM does not cross placenta) or persistence of IgG antibodies for more than 6 months (Maternal antibodies usually get removed by 6 months of age) in the foetus is an indication of congenital rubella infection
The infection arrests cell division and is hence responsible for various birth defects and low birth weight
The various features of congenital rubella infection (congenital rubella syndrome) are:

The classical triad of congenital …

Koplik’s spots are the prodromal viral enanthem of measles
They appear as white spots on a red base over the buccal mucosa opposite the first and second premolars near opening of stenson’s duct
They are seen 1-2 days before the appearance of rash and are pathognomonic of measles
They may not be visible in patients with measle as they tend to disappear after the onset of rash

Reye’s syndrome is a condition characterised by noninflammatory encephalopathy and hepatic failure due to aspirin intake during the course of a viral illness
The viral illnesses which predispose to reye syndrome include

upper respiratory tract infection
chicken pox
influenza
gastroenteritis

It occurs in children
Pathogenesis

the exact cause in not known
It is suggested that salicylates cause mitochondrial dysfunction in virus infected cells
The metabolic pathways affected are

oxidative phosphorylation
beta oxidation of fatty acids

Differential diagnosis

Meningitis
viral encephalitis
Head injury
Other causes of hepatic failure

Chicken pox (varicella infection) during pregnancy can cause multiple foetal anomalies and foetal wastage. It is a known teratogenic agent. The teratogenic effects are:

Cutaneous scars
Microcephaly
Atrophic limbs
Microphthalmia
Congenital cataract
Chorioretinitis
Low birth weight (LBW)
Cerebrocortical atrophy
Deafness

If infection in the mother develops within 5 days of delivery, there is risk of disseminated varicella infection in the infant. The infant should be given varicella immunoglobulin.