‘Vision 2020 – The right to sight’ is a global initiative by the WHO launched in 1999.
WHO together with the ‘Task Force of International Non Governmental Organisations’ aims to reduce global burden of blindness, and to eliminate preventable blindness by the year 2020
The various NGO’s involved in this initiative are:

International Agency for Prevention of Blindness
Helen Keller International
Al Noor Foundation
ORBIS International
Sight Savers International
International Federation of Ophthalmological Societies
Lions Club International Foundation
Cristopher Blindness Mission
The Carter Centre
Operation Eye Sight Universal

The project is executed in four ’5 year plans’ starting from the year 2000

Strategic approach:

The strategies …

GET 2020 stands for:

Global Elimination of Trachoma by the year 2020. (A global alliance created by WHO)

WHO in 1972 proposed a universal definition of blindness – ‘a visual acuity of less than 3/60 (snellen) or its equivalent’
In case snellen’s chart / other equipments are not available, blindness can be tested by – ‘visiual acuity less than counting fingers in day light at a distance of 3 meters’ – it is considered equivalent to 3/60 with snellen’s chart
If the visual field is less than 10 degrees, irrespective of the level of visual acuity, it is considered as blindness

The layers of the retina from outside inwards are:

Pigment epithelium
Layer of rods and cones – Formed by rods and cones – the photoreceptor cells
External limiting layer
Outer nuclear layer – Formed by nuclei of rods and cones
Outer plexiform layer – Synapses between the photoreceptor cells with horizontal and amacrine cells
Inner nuclear layer – Nuclei of horizontal cells and amacrine cells
Inner plexiform layer – Synapses between horizontal and amacrine cells with retinal ganglion cells
Ganglion cell layer – Nuclei of retinal ganglion cells
Nerve fiber layer – Composed of the nerve fibers originating …

Attachment of anterior surface of vitreous to the posterior surface of the intraocular lens.

It is a surgical procedure in which slits are made in the optic nerve sheath to relieve the pressure on the optic nerve
It is done in cases of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (pseudo tumor cerebri)

Procedure:

The orbit is entered into via a surgical incision in the skin
The eyeball is pushed to one side and the optic nerve is identified
Slits are made in the optic nerve sheath
The fluid drains out and the compression on the optic nerve is relieved

Uses:

Preservation of optic nerve function in cases of idiopathic intracranial hypertension not responding to medical …

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudo tumor cerebri)

Optic nerve sheath fenestration

Increase in cup disc ratio is known as cupping
Occurs in glaucoma
Degree of cupping can be correlated with stage of glaucoma

Normal cup disc ratio is 0.3 – 0.4
In early glaucoma – 0.6
In advanced glaucoma – 0.7 – 0.9

Ratio of the size of optic cup to that of the optic disc
Normally 0.3 to 0.4
Increased in case of glaucoma – known as cupping