Ten classes of antidiabetic drugs:
1. Biguanides: e.g. Metformin
2. Glinides: e.g. Repaglinide, Nateglinide
3. Sulfonylureas: e.g. Glibenclamide, Glimiperide
4. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: Acarbose, Voglibose
5. Thiazolidinediones: e.g. Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone
6. Incretin mimetics (glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics): Exenatide
7. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (DPP-IV): Sitagliptin
8. Amylin analogs: e.g. Pramlintide
9. Bile acid sequestrants: e.g. Colesevelam
10. Insulin

It is an alpha 1 receptor antagonist
Used in treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Substance which prevents excess accumulation of fat in the liver.
e.g.: choline, lipocaic, inositol

Root of Glycyrrhiza glabra. (from the Greek γλυκύρριζα or γλυκόριζα meaning “sweet root“)

-used as pharyngeal demulcent
-also used in confectionaries

Normal Saline: 9 gram of NaCl in 1 litre of water
Definition

DMPS – Dimercaptopropane sulfonate. Used as a chelating agent for treatment of heavy metal poisoning.

Nausea, bad taste in mouth, vomiting
Inability to concentrate, tremors, seizures
Head ache, dizziness, rashes, photophobia
Swelling of lips, tendonitis, tendon rupture
Seizures are more likely if ciprofloxacin is combined with theophylline because theophylline increases the blood levels of ciprofloxacin.

If a single drug is given for the treatment of tuberculosis, there is increased chance of development of resistance to the drug. The incidence of resistant strain in an individual will be about 1 in 10^6  to 10^8. But an indiviual be infected with 10^10 to 10^12 organisms. So if a single drug is given, the number of remaining organisms will be too high for the immune system to remove them. The probability of an organizm resistance to the drug is independant of the probability to develop resistance to other …

Dimercaprol, also known as British anti lewisite (BAL) is a chelating agent used in the treatment of heavy metal poising (those which act by inhibiting the SH group containing enzymes). It has two SH (sulfhydryl) groups which can bind to these atoms. It can form 1:1 or 2:1 complex with metals, 2:1 being more stable. It can be used used in the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, antimony, bismuth, copper and gold. Dimercaprol is used along with penicillamine in the treatment of lead poisoning and also in the treatment of Wilson’s …

Leuprolide is a superactive GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone) agonist. It can be given with flutamide for prostate cancer. Gonadotropin secretion occurs due to pulsatile secretion of GnRH. But when a long acting GnRH agonist like leuprolide is given, initially there is an increased release of gonadotropins, but soon there is downregulation of GnRH receptors and the release is prevented. This action can be utilized in the treatment of prostatic cancer which is a hormone dependant tumour. But the initial increase in the release of gonadotropins can cause a flaring up of the …