WHO in 1972 proposed a universal definition of blindness – ‘a visual acuity of less than 3/60 (snellen) or its equivalent’
In case snellen’s chart / other equipments are not available, blindness can be tested by – ‘visiual acuity less than counting fingers in day light at a distance of 3 meters’ – it is considered equivalent to 3/60 with snellen’s chart
If the visual field is less than 10 degrees, irrespective of the level of visual acuity, it is considered as blindness

Laryngomalacia literally means ‘abnormal softening of the larynx’
It is a congenital condition in the supraglottic part of the larynx is abnormally flaccid
It is the most common congenital lesion of the larynx and is the most common cause of congenital stridor
During inspiration, the epiglottis folds upon itself and is sucked into the larynx
This causes stridor and sometimes cyanosis
The severity is more when the child is crying and is relieved by placing the child in prone position
It appears at or soon after birth and usually disappears by 2 years of age
Diagnosis is …

Malacia is a suffix used in medical terminology to denote abnormal softening of tissues. eg: osteomalacia, tracheomalacia, chondromalacia patellae, laryngomalacia, oesophagomalacia

Bill’s bar is a vertical crest that divides the superior compartment of the internal acoustic meatus into anterior and posterior compartments
The anterior compartment contains the facial nerve and the nervus intermedius
The posterior compartment contains the superior vestibular nerve (which supplies utricle, superior and lateral semicircular canals)

Cerebellopontine angle is the anatomical space between the cerebellum and the pons
Various tumours occur in this region. They are:

Acoustic neuroma – most common
Meningioma
Cholesteatoma
Arachnoid cyst
Schwannoma of cranial nerves
Aneurysms
Glomus tumour
Metastasis

It results in cerebellopontine angle syndrome with features arising due to the compression of cranial nerves by the tumour